Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)

Starting with software development, which became increasingly complex, a separate system technology soon developed. This technology incorporates various parts of a system (software and hardware, etc.) into the analysis and attempts to find a comprehensive approach. Initially, this was done exclusively with documents in which the various system parts were described.

It was not until around 20 years ago that the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) described how models could be used to replace documents, which were becoming increasingly confusing as complexity increased. This marked the birth of model-based systems engineering (MBSE), which utilises the higher degree of abstraction of models to make development easier to understand and more flexible.

MBSE has since become widely accepted in the development of safety-relevant systems (cars, aircraft, defence, medical technology, infrastructure projects, etc.).

The introduction of model-based development methods has already proved very successful in the development of complex software. It is therefore not surprising that these methods are now also being used in the even more complex processes of system development (MBSE).

This is because here, too, it is primarily a question of mastering complexity, which is significantly simplified by the higher degree of abstraction of models. Models developed according to formal criteria also improve communication and collaboration, which ultimately leads to systems of higher quality and reliability:

• Complexity becomes manageable: With a structured and formalised approach, MBSE offers an ideal way to simplify and manage complex systems
• Communication and collaboration: Models simplify collaboration between different teams and stakeholders with their graphical presentation
• Early error detection: MBSE enables the early validation of a system through simulations and model analyses
• Faster decisions: Models are a precise basis for well-founded decisions during the development process
• Reduction of development costs: The reuse of models can shorten development times and reduce costs
• Traceability: MBSE guarantees traceability from requirements to implementation throughout the entire development cycle

Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is used in particular for complex projects in the field of system development. Therefore, getting started with this increasingly popular approach requires careful planning and preparation. Basically, for MBSE you need a combination of:

• tools
• methods
• training
• organisational support

Due to the complexity of projects carried out with MBSE, it is highly recommended that you start with a small ‘pilot project’ in which the requirements are very clearly defined. This allows you to test the selected MBSE methods and tools, determine the training requirements and gain initial experience. You will then have a good basis for the further step-by-step introduction of MBSE in your company.

Here is a small summary of prerequisites for the successful introduction of MBSE:

• Basic understanding of systems engineering
• Training: MBSE-specific training is available, for example, at the ‘Academy for Professional Modelling’ from SparxSystems Central Europe. Here you will also learn everything about methods and processes that you want to use in your MBSE project.
• Languages: The basic languages for MBSE are UML and SysML, which are supplemented by other languages depending on the project
• Tool: Choosing the right tool is crucial to the success of your project. A very popular and inexpensive tool is Enterprise Architect, which supports all stages of MBSE.
• Organisation: MBSE usually requires a change in the working methods of your development team, which you can support particularly well with coaching and continuous learning.